A university lab manager requested a quote for the following.
Our lab work on Visual Comminucation Devices (VLC). I would like to know if you have available 4" SiO2 wafers doped with germanium with a thickness higher than 3 microns. ( the typical silica wafers employed in photonics PLCs)?
Can you provide together with the quote, data about the doping level and refractive index of the layers?
Reference #131213 for specs and quantity.
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Visible-Light Communication (VLC) systems, including Li-Fi and other optical wireless technologies, rely on optoelectronic devices like LEDs and photodetectors. The substrates used to fabricate these components must support efficient light emission and detection in the visible spectrum (400–700 nm). Here are the most common substrates used in VLC system fabrication:
Use: Blue, green, and white LEDs (main light source in VLC)
Why: Wide bandgap (~3.4 eV), high efficiency in visible-light emission
Substrates:
Sapphire (Al₂O₃): Most common for GaN epitaxy due to lattice compatibility and low cost
Silicon Carbide (SiC): Better thermal conductivity, used for high-power devices
Silicon (Si): Cost-effective, large wafer sizes, though with higher lattice mismatch
Bulk GaN: Ideal but expensive
Use: Photodetectors and high-speed optoelectronics
Why: Direct bandgap, suitable for high-speed photodetectors and modulators
Substrates:
InP wafers (native substrate)
GaAs or Si with buffer layers for hybrid integration
Use: Red and near-IR LEDs, photodetectors
Why: Efficient red-light emission, suitable for integrated optoelectronics
Substrates:
GaAs wafers (native substrate)
Si with GaAs epitaxy for CMOS integration
Use: CMOS-based VLC transceivers, modulators, integrated circuits
Why: Low cost, mature fabrication technology
Note: Not efficient for light emission but widely used for photodiodes and electronics
For display-integrated VLC:
Glass (e.g., borosilicate or fused silica): For transparent displays and optical waveguides
ITO-coated glass or polymer: For transparent electrodes in flexible VLC systems
Use: Flexible and wearable VLC systems
Why: Lightweight, flexible, and printable
Example: PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate)
| Material | Typical Use in VLC | Advantages | Substrate Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| GaN | Visible LEDs | High brightness, efficient in blue/green | Sapphire, SiC, Si |
| GaAs | Red LEDs, photodetectors | Good optoelectronic properties | GaAs |
| InP | High-speed photodetectors | High carrier mobility | InP, GaAs, Si (with buffer) |
| Si | Electronics, detectors | CMOS-compatible, low cost | Si |
| Glass/Quartz | Transparent optical systems | Transparent, stable | Glass |
| Polymers | Flexible VLC | Printable, bendable | PET, PEN |
